|
|
Effect of oxidative stress on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Bura, Radek ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Pacherník, Jiří (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells are capable of forming different types of tissue such as muscle, bone, fat or cartilage tissue, thanks to the ability to divide and transform into another cell type. Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from various tissues are used for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Knowledge of the influence of various factors on the differentiation of these multipotent cells is important. Currently, little is known about the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to summarize the knowledge of the effect of oxidative stress on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the affected signaling pathways.
|
|
|
In vitro differentiation of Xenopus tropicalis and Mus musculus testicular somatic cells.
Hlaviznová, Michaela ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Hovořáková, Mária (referee)
Sertoli cells (SCs) are somatic cells of testicular tissue that are involved in spermatogenesis and maturation of germ cells. They are currently being extensively studied for their immunomodulatory abilities, and recent studies have shown that they share some properties with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Detailed characterization of SCs and clarification of their role in testicular tissue is crucial for potential use of SCs as a therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine. Cell culture of Xenopus tropicalis immature Sertoli cells (XtiSCs) and Mus musculus (mSCs) Sertoli cells were established in the Laboratories of Developmental Biology and Immunoregulations, Faculty of Science, Charles University. Previous research has characterized XtiSCs and demonstrated their multipotent potential by in vitro differentiation into a mesodermal line. Following this research, one of the goals of the diploma project was the induction of in vitro differentiation of XtiSC into other cell types, which would verify the differentiation potential of XtiSCs. The mSC expression profile confirmed the somatic origin of this culture as well as the transcription of Sertoli cell gene markers. Differentiation of mSCs along the mesodermal line into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes has been successfully induced in vitro....
|
|
|
Differential potential of neural crest cells
Wróblová, Aneta ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Machoň, Ondřej (referee)
The neural crest is a transient structure formed during the neurulation which undergoes change of phenotype in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Subsequently, neural crest cells delaminate and migrate collectively and individually to their place of destination, where they differentiate into a broad repertoir of mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types. This thesis aims to examine true differential potential of these cells based on crucial in vitro experiments. Neural crest cells show not only high migration potential, but also stem cells characteristics like multipotency and self-renewal capacity. I also provide answers to questions about cellular potency at the level of neural crest population and along anterior-posterior axis. It was necessary to clarify the essence of events leading to induction, specification, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of neural crest cells, since they are crucial for their differentiation potential. A major role in differentiation as well as in previous processes plays the gene regulatory network which is comprised of mutually affecting signalling pathways. Studying the behaviour of migratory and post-migratory neural crest cells is important for the research of regenerative medicine and even cancer and neurocristopathic treatment.
|
|
|
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Červenková, Michaela ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Čermák, Lukáš (referee)
There are still many diseases which cannot be successfully cured today. For some of them, the answer might be a cell therapy in the form of stem cells applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which can be most frequently isolated from bone marrow and fat tissues. They have several advantages compared to embryonal stem cells, such as a lower risk of tumorigenesis and fewer ethical issues with their acquisition. MSCs also offer the advantage of immunomodulation abilities and autologous transplantation options. MSCs primarily differentiate into mesodermal lines, i.e. into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. However, their differentiation into certain cell types of ectoderm and endoderm origin can also be achieved. This bachelor thesis focuses on the characterisation of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into specific cell types. It addresses the factors which induce and influence differentiation process. Identification of desirable combinations of differentiation agents and factors and establishing safe differentiation protocols is necessary for successful utilization of mesenchymal stem cells in applied medicine. Key words: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), differentiation, transcription factor, growth factor, multipotency
|
|
|
Induction of Xenopus tropicalis testicular stem cell differentiation in vitro.
Strnadová, Karolína ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
Origin of mammalian somatic cells in the developing testes remains unclear. This origin could be explained by established cell culture derived from testes of Xenopus tropicalis juvenile male. The expression profile of the cell culture showed transcription of some pluripotency genes, somatic Sertoli and peritubular myoid cell markers and last but not least, the mesenchymal stem cell markers. Conversely, germ cell genes were downregulated. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed expression of Vimentin, Sox9 and α-smooth muscle actin, indicating that the testicular cell culture is a common mesenchymal progenitor of the Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells and that the cell culture did not arise from spermatogonial stem cells undergoing incomplete reprogramming in vitro. Testing of X. tropicalis cell culture during induction of differentiation in vitro revealed that these cells are probably multipotent with the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondroblasts and osteoblasts. The ability to derive multipotent stem cells from the juvenile testes opens new possibilities of using these cells for biotechnology and medicine. Keywords: Testicular somatic cells, Xenopus tropicalis, progenitor, mesenchymal stem cells, induction of differentiation, multipotency
|
guest ::
